Что такое вариант использования в моделировании вариантов использования UML?

Что такое вариант использования?

Всякий раз, когда мы обсуждаем требования к системе, мы понимаем, что один или несколько людей или вещей заинтересованы в поведении системы. Этих людей называют заинтересованными сторонами ( акторами ) системы.

Функциональность системы определяется различными вариантами использования , каждый из которых представляет конкретную цель (получение наблюдаемого ценностного результата) для конкретного субъекта. Вариант использования описывает взаимодействие между одним (основным действующим лицом) или несколькими (второстепенными действующими лицами) и системой, чтобы обеспечить наблюдаемый результат ценности для основного действующего лица.

Что такое вариант использования в моделировании вариантов использования UML?

ИЗМЕНИТЬ ЭТОТ ПРИМЕР ДИАГРАММЫ ВАРИАНТОВ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ

Вариант использования и сценарии использования

Вариант использования — это взаимодействие между субъектом и целевой системой, когда субъект использует ее для достижения цели. Варианты использования имеют несколько путей, которые можно использовать для достижения конкретной цели. Они могут быть представлены в виде нарративов ( описания вариантов использования ) или визуальных моделей ( диаграммы вариантов использования ).

Нормальный путь — это набор безусловных шагов, которые описывают, как достичь целей варианта использования и удовлетворить интересы всех соответствующих основных или вспомогательных участников. Каждый шаг важен для достижения целей варианта использования, и ни один из шагов нельзя пропустить.

Кокберн называет это «первичным сценарием успеха», в то время как другие используют такие термины, как «счастливый сценарий», «базовый поток» и т. д.

Альтернативный путь — это условный набор шагов, являющийся заменой одного или нескольких шагов в другом процессе (альтернативный процесс выполняется вместо другого шага), после чего вариант использования продолжает преследовать свою цель.

Варианты использования

Технология имеет различные варианты использования и вариации.

  • Варианты использования системы . Объем проекта касается разрабатываемой компьютерной системы. Речь идет об актере, достигающем цели с помощью компьютерной системы; речь идет о технологиях.
  • Варианты использования в бизнесе Речь идет о проектировании в рамках бизнес-операций. Речь идет о субъектах вне организации, достигающих целей, имеющих отношение к организации. Вариант использования в бизнесе обычно не содержит ссылок на технологию, поскольку он связан с тем, как работает бизнес.
  • Вариант использования 2.0 адаптирует методы к контексту гибких методов разработки. Этот метод обогащает практику сбора требований, поддерживая повествование пользовательских историй. Он также обеспечивает «нарезку» вариантов использования для облегчения дополнительных требований и обеспечения возможности поэтапной реализации.

Основные и второстепенные действующие лица

Первичный — это заинтересованная сторона, которая взаимодействует с системой для достижения определенной цели. Основным участником обычно, но не всегда, является лицо, которое инициирует вариант использования. Это не тот случай, когда вариант использования фактически инициируется действующим лицом, представляющим истинное основное действующее лицо, или когда вариант использования фактически инициируется временем. Иногда (внешние) участники должны предоставлять услуги системе. Такого актера называют актером второго плана. Действующее лицо может быть основным действующим лицом в одном варианте использования или вспомогательным действующим лицом в другом.

Уровни детализации для моделирования вариантов использования

Кокберн рекомендует маркировать каждый вариант использования символом, чтобы показать «целевой уровень»; предпочтительный уровень — «целевой пользователь»

Уровень цели Значок Символ Символ
Очень высокое резюме Облако ++
Иконки-облако-цели-уровня.png
Резюме Летящий воздушный змей +
Иконки-цели-уровень-летающий-змей.png
Цель пользователя Волны в море !
Иконки-волны-на-море-цели-уровня.png
Подфункция Рыба
Иконки-рыба-цель-уровня.png
Слишком низко Моллюск морского дна
Иконки-морское дно-моллюск-ракушка-цель-уровень.png

Облако — это самый высокий уровень, т. е. уровень предприятия, где в организации может быть только четыре или пять вариантов использования. Примерами могут быть реклама товаров, продажа товаров клиентам, управление запасами, управление цепочкой поставок и оптимизация транспортировки.
Flying Kite ниже, чем облако, но все еще находится на высоком уровне и обеспечивает обзор. Вариант использования воздушного змея может быть на уровне бизнес-подразделения или отдела и представляет собой краткое изложение цели. Примеры: регистрация студентов или работа с туристической компанией: бронирование авиабилетов, отелей, автомобилей или круизов.
Волна на моренаходится на уровне моря и обычно создается для целей пользователя. Часто это наиболее интересно для пользователей и проще всего для компаний. Обычно это написано для деловой активности, которую каждый человек должен быть в состоянии выполнить за 2-20 минут для деятельности синего уровня. Например, регистрация студента, продолжающего обучение, добавление нового клиента, помещение товара в корзину и оформление заказа.
Варианты использования рыбы показывают много деталей, обычно на функциональном или субфункциональном уровне. Примеры включают выбор класса, оплату академического взноса, поиск кода аэропорта для города и создание списка клиентов после ввода имени.
Раковина морского дна, как дно океана, являются наиболее подробными вариантами использования и находятся на субфункциональном уровне. Примерами могут быть безопасная аутентификация при входе в систему, добавление нового поля с использованием динамического HTML или небольшое обновление веб-страницы с помощью Ajax.

Что такое спецификация варианта использования?

163 комментария

  1. I’ve been surfing online more than 3 hours today, but I by no means found any attention-grabbing article like yours. It’s lovely price sufficient for me. Personally, if all webmasters and bloggers made excellent content as you did, the internet will likely be much more helpful than ever before. «When you are content to be simply yourself and don’t compare or compete, everybody will respect you.» by Lao Tzu.

  2. Greetings from Colorado! I’m bored at work so I decided to check out your blog on my iphone during lunch break. I really like the knowledge you present here and can’t wait to take a look when I get home. I’m surprised at how fast your blog loaded on my phone .. I’m not even using WIFI, just 3G .. Anyhow, great blog!

  3. Just wanmt tto ssay your article is as astonishing. The clarity too your pubpish is simpky cool
    and i cann asesume you are an expert in this subject. Well with yoiur ermission alllow mee too grab you feed to stay updated wioth coming near near post.
    Thasnk yyou 1,000,000 andd please continue the rewarding work.

  4. Just desire to say your article is as surprising.
    The clarity for your submit is just nice and that i can assume you are a
    professional in this subject. Well together with your permission allow me to clutch
    your feed to keep updated with drawing close post. Thank you one million and
    please carry on the rewarding work.

  5. Great site you have here but I was curious about if you knew
    of any community forums that cover the same topics talked about
    here? I’d really love to be a part of group where I can get responses from other experienced individuals that share the same
    interest. If you have any suggestions, please let me know.
    Kudos!

  6. Hi there, I found your site by means of Google even as
    searching for a similar subject, your web site came up, it seems to be great.
    I have bookmarked it in my google bookmarks.

    Hello there, just changed into aware of your weblog
    via Google, and located that it’s really informative. I’m gonna be careful for brussels.
    I will be grateful in the event you proceed this in future.
    A lot of other folks might be benefited out of your writing.
    Cheers!

  7. Superb site you have here but I was wondering if you knew of any community forums that cover
    the same topics discussed in this article? I’d really like to be a part of online community where I
    can get feed-back from other experienced people that share the
    same interest. If you have any suggestions, please let me know.
    Cheers!

  8. Hey I know this is off topic but I was wondering if you knew of any widgets I could add to
    my blog that automatically tweet my newest twitter
    updates. I’ve been looking for a plug-in like this for
    quite some time and was hoping maybe you would have some experience
    with something like this. Please let me know if you run into anything.
    I truly enjoy reading your blog and I look forward to your new updates.

  9. What i don’t understood is in truth how you’re no longer actually a lot more neatly-preferred than you may be now.
    You are so intelligent. You understand therefore considerably in relation to this matter, made me personally believe it from numerous numerous angles.
    Its like women and men are not involved except it’s one thing to accomplish with
    Lady gaga! Your personal stuffs excellent. Always take care of it up!

  10. Hi there! This is kind of off topic but I need some advice from an established
    blog. Is it tough to set up your own blog? I’m not very techincal but I can figure things out pretty quick.

    I’m thinking about making my own but I’m not sure where to start.
    Do you have any points or suggestions? Many thanks

  11. you’re truly a excellent webmaster. The website loading velocity is amazing.
    It seems that you are doing any unique trick. In addition, The contents are masterpiece.
    you have performed a fantastic task on this subject!

  12. Fantastic site you have here but I was curious if you
    knew of any discussion boards that cover the same topics talked about here?
    I’d really like to be a part of online community where I
    can get responses from other experienced individuals that share the same interest.
    If you have any suggestions, please let me know. Thanks a lot!

  13. Hi! I know this is kinda off topic however , I’d figured I’d ask.
    Would you be interested in trading links or maybe guest authoring a
    blog article or vice-versa? My blog covers a
    lot of the same topics as yours and I think we could
    greatly benefit from each other. If you might be interested feel free to send me an e-mail.

    I look forward to hearing from you! Superb blog
    by the way!

  14. Unquestionably believe that which you stated. Your favorite justification seemed to be on the web the easiest thing to be aware of.

    I say to you, I definitely get annoyed while people think about worries that they just don’t know about.

    You managed to hit the nail upon the top and defined out the whole thing without having side effect ,
    people can take a signal. Will likely be back to
    get more. Thanks

    Here is my site — คลิปโป๊เด็ก

  15. I believe everything wrote made a lot of sense. But, consider this, suppose you were to create a killer
    post title? I ain’t suggesting your information isn’t good, however suppose you added a
    post title that grabbed people’s attention? I mean Что
    такое вариант использования в моделировании вариантов использования UML?
    — Кибермедиана is a little plain. You should glance at Yahoo’s front
    page and see how they create article headlines to grab people
    to click. You might add a related video or a picture or two to
    grab people interested about what you’ve
    written. Just my opinion, it could bring your website
    a little livelier.

  16. hello there and thank you for your information – I’ve certainly picked
    up something new from right here. I did however expertise some technical issues using this site,
    since I experienced to reload the site lots of times previous to I could get it to
    load properly. I had been wondering if your web hosting is OK?
    Not that I am complaining, but slow loading instances times will sometimes
    affect your placement in google and can damage your high-quality score
    if advertising and marketing with Adwords. Anyway
    I’m adding this RSS to my email and could look out
    for a lot more of your respective exciting content. Make sure you
    update this again very soon.

  17. Excellent goods from you, man. I have be aware your stuff prior to and you
    are simply extremely wonderful. I really like what you’ve bought right here, certainly like what you’re saying and the way in which in which you are saying it.
    You are making it entertaining and you still take care of to
    stay it sensible. I cant wait to read much more from you. This is really a terrific
    web site.

  18. hey there and thank you for your information – I have definitely picked up something new from right here.
    I did however expertise several technical issues using this
    site, as I experienced to reload the website many times previous
    to I could get it to load properly. I had been wondering if your hosting is OK?
    Not that I’m complaining, but slow loading instances times will sometimes affect your placement in google and can damage your high quality
    score if advertising and marketing with Adwords. Anyway I
    am adding this RSS to my email and could look out for
    much more of your respective interesting content.
    Ensure that you update this again soon.

  19. hello there and thank you for your information – I’ve certainly picked up
    something new from right here. I did however expertise a few technical points
    using this website, since I experienced to reload the website a lot of times previous to I
    could get it to load correctly. I had been wondering if
    your web hosting is OK? Not that I am complaining, but sluggish loading instances times will often affect
    your placement in google and can damage your high quality score if
    advertising and marketing with Adwords. Anyway I’m
    adding this RSS to my email and can look out for much more of your respective intriguing content.
    Make sure you update this again very soon.

  20. Hey there! I know this is somewhat off topic but I was wondering which blog
    platform are you using for this site? I’m getting sick and tired
    of WordPress because I’ve had problems with hackers and I’m looking at
    options for another platform. I would be fantastic if you could point me in the direction of
    a good platform.

  21. Hi there just wanted to give you a quick heads up.
    The words in your content seem to be running off the screen in Safari.

    I’m not sure if this is a formatting issue or something
    to do with browser compatibility but I figured I’d post to let
    you know. The layout look great though! Hope you get the
    issue resolved soon. Thanks

  22. Hi there, I do believe your web site could be having internet browser compatibility issues.

    Whenever I look at your website in Safari, it looks fine however, if opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping
    issues. I simply wanted to provide you with a quick heads
    up! Besides that, great site!

  23. An impressive share! I’ve just forwarded this onto a co-worker who had been doing a little homework on this.
    And he in fact bought me dinner because I discovered it for him…
    lol. So let me reword this…. Thanks for
    the meal!! But yeah, thanks for spending some time to talk about this issue here on your site.

  24. You actually make it seem so easy together with your presentation however I in finding this topic to be actually one thing which I feel I might by
    no means understand. It kind of feels too complex and extremely broad for
    me. I’m taking a look ahead to your subsequent submit,
    I will try to get the dangle of it!

  25. Its such as you learn my thoughts! You seem to understand a lot approximately this, such as you wrote the guide in it or something.

    I believe that you just can do with a few p.c. to power the message home a little bit, however other than that, that is magnificent blog.

    A great read. I will certainly be back.

  26. Unquestionably believe that that you said. Your favourite reason seemed to be
    at the internet the easiest factor to take into accout of.

    I say to you, I definitely get irked whilst other folks
    consider concerns that they just do not understand about.
    You managed to hit the nail upon the highest and outlined out the entire thing without having side-effects , people can take a signal.

    Will probably be back to get more. Thanks

  27. Its like you read my thoughts! You appear to understand a lot approximately this, like you
    wrote the e-book in it or something. I think that you could do with
    a few percent to pressure the message house a little bit, but other than that, this is fantastic blog.
    An excellent read. I will definitely be back.

  28. Please let me know if you’re looking for a writer for your weblog.
    You have some really great articles and I think I would be a good asset.

    If you ever want to take some of the load off, I’d love to write some material for your blog in exchange for a link back to mine.
    Please shoot me an email if interested. Regards!

  29. Can I simply just say what a comfort to find somebody that truly knows what they
    are discussing over the internet. You actually know how to bring a problem to light and make it important.
    More and more people must look at this and understand this side of the story.

    I was surprised that you are not more popular since you certainly possess the
    gift.

  30. Hello! I know this is kinda off topic but I was wondering which blog platform are you using for this website?
    I’m getting sick and tired of WordPress because I’ve had problems with hackers and I’m
    looking at options for another platform. I would be great if you could point me in the direction of a good platform.

  31. Do you mind if I quote a couple of your posts
    as long as I provide credit and sources back to your webpage?
    My blog site is in the very same area of interest as
    yours and my visitors would truly benefit from a lot of the information you provide
    here. Please let me know if this alright with you. Regards!

    my site :: bgame888 casino

  32. Hi there, I found your web site by the use of Google even as searching for
    a comparable matter, your site got here up, it looks good.
    I have bookmarked it in my google bookmarks.
    Hi there, just became alert to your blog via Google, and found that
    it is really informative. I’m gonna watch out for brussels.
    I’ll appreciate in case you continue this in future.

    Numerous other people might be benefited from your writing.

    Cheers!

  33. Cialis is designed to last for much longer than Viagra. Because of this, a higher amount of a drug
    stays in your physique for an extended time. This
    can assist prevent levels of this drug from building up in your physique.

    Men with kidney problems can usually take
    Viagra (sildenafil) in the normal method except they have considerably lowered kidney perform.
    Today, more than 300 million Slinkys have been bought worldwide.
    This means that if you’re planning on engaging in sexual activity greater than as soon as all through the day, you shouldn’t take
    a pill each time. The underside line is, in the event
    you don’t have erectile dysfunction you shouldn’t be taking Viagra or any other ED drug,
    it won’t enhance your sexual efficiency and it might truly be a hazard to your well being.
    It comes with serious risks if you don’t take it as prescribed.
    Don’t worry about airport X-ray machines. One of the
    biggest differences in remedy of impotence between Western medicine and Chinese medicine is Chinese medication really tries to construct up the
    person from the foundations, whereas Western medicine
    is often looking for a quick fix.

  34. Awesome blog you have here but I was curious if you knew of any discussion boards that cover the same topics talked about in this article?
    I’d really love to be a part of online community where I can get advice from other
    experienced individuals that share the same interest. If you have any
    recommendations, please let me know. Many thanks!

Leave a Reply

Ваш адрес email не будет опубликован.